Abstracts must be submitted in English using Arial or Courier font, point size 12 and must fit in the space provided. Abstracts must not exceed 2,750 character spaces.

ABSTRACT CATEGORIES – A list of categories used to classify the abstracts is on the Abstract Submission Form. Choose the category code that best characterizes your research.

TITLE – The title should be brief, but long enough to identify clearly the nature of the study. Please start the title by using a capital, followed by lower case. The title must not exceed a total length of three lines. Leave out author degrees, titles and institutional appointments. In writing author names, begin with initials or first names followed by the last names. Underline the names of the presenting author. Please specify name and location of the institution where the research was conducted.

ABSTRACT STRUCTURE – The body of the abstract should be as follows:

• Sentence stating the purpose of the study.
• A brief description of methods.
• A summery of results.
• A statement of conclusions reached; do not state that results will be discussed.

ABSTRACT STYLE – Begin the body of the abstract on a new line. Leave no top or left margins. For good reproduction, the typing should be sharp and regular, using point size 12, Arial or Courier font.

ABBREVIATIONS – Abbreviations should conform to the style of Manuel for Biological Journals (American Institute of Biological Sciences, 3900 Wisconsin Avenue, Washington DC 20016, USA). Avoid abbreviations in the abstract title. Place nonstandard abbreviations in parentheses after the full word the first time it appears.

TABLES AND GRAPHS – Simple tables and graphs (in black ink) may be included as long as the total abstract fits within the form. Graphics and pictures cannot be included in the abstract.

AUTHOR CONFIRMATION – The presenting author must sign the confirmation statement on the Abstract Submission Form by using the auto signature on the internet affirming that:

• The material in the abstract has not been previously published in manuscript form by August 2008.
• If animals were used, the material in the abstract conforms to Guiding Principals in Care and Use of Animals of the American Physiology Society.
• If human subjects were exposed to risks not required by their medical needs, an appropriate committee approved the study, or, if no such committee was available and informed consent was needed, it was obtained in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki on Medical Ethics.
• Potential conflict of interests will be disclosed.
• Without author confirmation, the abstract will not be published.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST – If your abstract is accepted for presentation, you will be required to complete and return a "Conflict of Interest Disclosure" statement indicating any significant financial interest of other relationships with manufacture(s) or commercial services discussed in your presentation. You will also be required to disclose any reference in the presentation to unlabeled/ unapproved uses of drugs or products. This information is published in the final program. It remains for the audience to determine whether the speaker’s interests or relationships may influence the presentation.